Peripheral Neuropathy

Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy can occur slowly over time. The most common ones are:

• Numbness, tightness, and tingling, especially in the legs, hands, and feet.
• Loss of feeling.
• Burning, shooting, or stabbing pain in the legs, hands, and feet. Often the pain is worse at night.
• Weakness and loss of balance.

There are several causes:

• Diabetes. This is the most common cause. If your blood sugar is too high for too long, it can damage the nerves.
• Kidney problems. These can lead to toxic substances in the blood that damage nerves.
• Low levels of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism). This may cause swelling of the tissues around the nerves, which can put pressure on them.
• Infectious or inflammatory diseases. Examples are HIV and Guillain-Barré syndrome. These diseases can damage the nerves.
• Peripheral nerve injury. A physical injury can damage the nerves. Injuries can be from things like falls, car crashes, or playing sports.
• Overusing alcohol and not eating a healthy diet. These can lead to your body not having enough of certain vitamins, such as vitamin B-12. This can damage nerves.
• Being exposed to toxic substances. These include lead, mercury, and certain medicines, such as those used for chemotherapy.

Sometimes the cause isn't known.

To diagnose peripheral neuropathy, your doctor will ask you about:

• Your symptoms.
• Your medical history. This may include your use of alcohol, risk of HIV infection, or exposure to toxic substances.
• Your family's medical history, including nerve disease.

Your doctor will check your nerves. The doctor may check your muscle strength and ability to feel touch, temperature, and pain.

Sometimes nerve tests are needed. These include electromyography and nerve conduction tests.

You may also have blood tests. These tests will help the doctor find out if you have conditions that can cause neuropathy. Examples are diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, thyroid disease, and kidney problems.

Treatment for peripheral neuropathy can relieve symptoms. This is done by treating the health problem that's causing it. For example, if you have diabetes, keeping your blood sugar within your target range may help. Or maybe your body lacks certain vitamins caused by drinking too much alcohol. In that case, treatment may include eating a healthy diet, taking vitamins, and stopping alcohol use.

You may have physical therapy. This can increase muscle strength and help build muscle control. Over-the-counter medicine can relieve mild nerve pain. Your doctor may also prescribe medicine to help with severe pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. If you have neuropathy in your feet, it's a good idea to have them checked during each office visit. This can help prevent problems.

Some people find that physical therapy, acupuncture, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) helps relieve pain.