Overview
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It is caused by damage to the lungs over many years, usually from smoking.
COPD is often a mix of two diseases:
- Chronic bronchitis: The airways that carry air to the lungs (bronchial tubes) get inflamed and make a lot of mucus. This can narrow or block the airways.
- Emphysema: In a healthy person, the tiny air sacs in the lungs are like balloons. As you breathe in and out, they get bigger and smaller to move air through your lungs. But with emphysema, these air sacs are damaged and lose their stretch. Less air gets in and out of the lungs.
Many people with COPD have attacks called flare-ups or exacerbations. This is when your usual symptoms quickly get worse and stay worse.
The doctor has checked you carefully. But problems can develop later. If you notice any problems or new symptoms, get medical treatment right away.
What are the symptoms of a COPD flare-up?
What happens during a COPD flare-up?
When you have a COPD flare-up, your lungs may suddenly produce more mucus. Or the airways of your lungs (bronchial tubes) may suddenly get narrower. These two things reduce the airflow in your lungs. That makes it harder to breathe and makes your coughing worse.
COPD flare-up: When to call
Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For example, call if:
- You have severe trouble breathing.
Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:
- You have new or worse trouble breathing.
- Your coughing or wheezing gets worse.
- You cough up dark brown or bloody mucus (sputum).
- You have a new or higher fever.
Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:
- You notice more mucus or a change in the color of your mucus.
- You need to use your antibiotic or steroid pills.
- You do not get better as expected.